Evidence-Based Ingredient Profiles
Ingredient Encyclopedia
Every regenerative and complementary skincare ingredient, explained clearly with study counts, confidence levels, and usage guidance.
Core Regenerative
PDRN
Polydeoxyribonucleotide · Salmon sperm extract
The most studied salmon-derived DNA fraction. Activates adenosine A2A receptor signalling to drive tissue repair, collagen production, and inflammation resolution.
Core Regenerative
Polynucleotides (PN)
Long-chain DNA polymers · Salmon testes
Higher-molecular-weight DNA strands that provide a biopolymer scaffold for skin regeneration. Primary form used in aesthetic skin boosters (Rejuran, Nucleofill, Plinest).
Advanced Actives
DNA Repair Enzymes
T4 Endonuclease V / Photolyase · Biotechnology
Topically delivered enzymes that enter keratinocytes via liposome encapsulation and catalyse the repair of UV-induced DNA lesions (CPDs). Reduces photoaging and skin cancer risk markers.
Complementary Active
Skin Peptides
Signal & Carrier Peptides · Synthetic / Fermentation
Short amino acid chains that mimic signalling proteins. Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 (Matrixyl), copper peptides, and acetyl hexapeptide-3 (Argireline) are well-studied in anti-aging.
Complementary Active
Hyaluronic Acid
Sodium Hyaluronate · Fermentation
A polysaccharide that holds up to 1000x its weight in water. Multi-weight HA formulations — combining high, medium, and low molecular weights — deliver surface and deep hydration simultaneously.
Complementary Active
Niacinamide
Vitamin B3 · Synthetic
One of the most versatile skincare actives. At 5% concentration, shown to improve pigmentation, reduce TEWL, minimise pore appearance, and support ceramide synthesis.